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CC BY V4.0, Open Access
Journal article
Organic–Inorganic Multilayer Microcarriers with Superior Mechanical Properties for Potential Active Delivery in Fast-Moving Consumer Goods
Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol.64(9), pp.4917-4931
2025
PMID: 40070692
Abstract
This study introduces an eco-friendly approach to fabricating superstrong, core–shell, composite microcapsules, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional insoluble microplastic-based materials like melamine-formaldehyde. These microcapsules were engineered with a thick CaCO3 shell formed via crystal ripening in the presence of water-soluble poly(acrylic acid), encasing a hexylsalicylate oil core armored by hydrophilic SiO2 nanoparticles. An additional polydopamine layer was deposited via oxidative autopolymerization at pH 8.5 for improved structural and surface properties of the resulting microcapsules. These microcapsules (D 3,2 = 8.8 ± 0.3 μm) were spherical, with a relatively smooth surface, and exhibited unique mechanical properties, which are essential to broaden their applications in industry. Remarkably, compression tests showed a mean rupture stress of 73.5 ± 5.0 MPa, which dramatically surpasses any other inorganic/synthetic microcarrier reported in the literature. In addition, only 10–20% of the core active was released within 2 h into a mixed water-propanol medium used as an accelerated release test, where the solubility of the active oil is high, with full release over 3 days. Herein, we also propose a novel pathway-specific binding constant (PSBC) that describes the strong interaction between Ca2+ ions and poly(acrylic acid), in connection with their stoichiometric ratio. Overall, these microcapsules hold promise for multiple fast-moving consumer goods, where maximizing the mechanical strength of microcapsules for encapsulation of valuable functional actives is paramount; this includes but is not limited to energy storage, household, agrochemical, personal care, and healthcare applications.
Details
- Title
- Organic–Inorganic Multilayer Microcarriers with Superior Mechanical Properties for Potential Active Delivery in Fast-Moving Consumer Goods
- Authors/Creators
- Daniele Baiocco - University of BirminghamBenjamin T. Lobel - Murdoch University, School of Mathematics, Statistics, Chemistry and PhysicsMohammed Al-Sharabi - University of CambridgeOlivier J. Cayre - University of LeedsAlexander F. Routh - University of CambridgeZhibing Zhang - University of Birmingham
- Publication Details
- Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol.64(9), pp.4917-4931
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society
- Number of pages
- 15
- Identifiers
- 991005752728907891
- Copyright
- © 2025 The Authors.
- Murdoch Affiliation
- School of Mathematics, Statistics, Chemistry and Physics
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Citation topics
- 2 Chemistry
- 2.53 Polymers & Macromolecules
- 2.53.2046 Pickering Emulsions
- Web Of Science research areas
- Engineering, Chemical
- ESI research areas
- Chemistry