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PISA and Education Reform in Europe: Cases of Policy Inertia, Avoidance, and Refraction
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

PISA and Education Reform in Europe: Cases of Policy Inertia, Avoidance, and Refraction

Louis Volante and Don A. Klinger
European education, Vol.53(1), pp.45-56
2021
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CC BY-NC-ND V4.0 Open Access

Abstract

Education & Educational Research Social Sciences
The present analysis examined the relationship between PISA results and their influence on policy development within a select group of European nations which included Estonia, Italy, France, and Finland. These countries reflect four distinct outcomes in relation to PISA results: (1) high achievement and high equity (Estonia); (2) stagnant performance (Italy); (3) low achievement and low equity (France); and (4) a negative equity trend (Finland). The discussion argues these outcomes can be associated with cases of policy inertia, avoidance, and refraction.

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