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Journal article
Plant but not animal sourced nitrate intake is associated with lower dementia-related mortality in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study
Frontiers in nutrition (Lausanne), Vol.11, 1327042
2024
PMCID: PMC11371772
PMID: 39234294
Abstract
Introduction: Dietary nitrate is potentially beneficial for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and nervous systems due to its role as a nitric oxide (NO) precursor. Increased nitrate intake improves cardiovascular health and therefore could protect against dementia, given the cardiovascular-dementia link.
Objective: To investigate the association between source-dependent nitrate intake and dementia-related mortality. As individuals with diabetes are at higher risk of dementia, a secondary aim was to investigate if the associations between nitrate and dementia varied by diabetes mellitus (DM) and pre-diabetes status.
Methods: This study involved 9,149 participants aged ≥25 years from the well-characterised Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle (AusDiab) Study followed over a period of 17 years. Intakes of plant-sourced, vegetable-sourced, naturally occurring animal-sourced nitrate, and processed meat (where nitrate is an allowed additive)-sourced nitrate were assessed from a 74-item food frequency questionnaire completed by participants at baseline and nitrate databases were used to estimate nitrate from these different dietary sources. Associations between source-dependent nitrate intake and dementia-related mortality were assessed using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for demographics, lifestyle, and dietary factors.
Results: Over 17 years of follow-up, 93 (1.0%) dementia-related deaths occurred of 1,237 (13.5%) total deaths. In multivariable-adjusted models, participants with the highest intakes of plant-sourced nitrate (median intake 98 mg/day) had a 57% lower risk of dementia-related mortality [HR (95% CI): 0.43 (0.22, 0.87)] compared to participants with lowest intakes of plant-sourced nitrate (median intake 35 mg/day). A 66% lower risk was also seen for higher intakes of vegetable-sourced nitrate [HR (95% CI): 0.34 (0.17, 0.66)]. No association was observed for animal-sourced nitrate, but the risk was two times higher amongst those who consumed the most processed meat-sourced nitrate intake [HR (95%): 2.10 (1.07, 4.12)]. The highest intake of vegetable-sourced nitrate was associated with a lower risk of dementia-related mortality for those with and without DM and pre-diabetes.
Conclusion: Encouraging the intake of nitrate-rich vegetables, such as green leafy vegetables and beetroot, may lower the risk of dementia-related mortality, particularly in individuals with (pre-) diabetes who are at a higher dementia risk.
Details
- Title
- Plant but not animal sourced nitrate intake is associated with lower dementia-related mortality in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study
- Authors/Creators
- Anjana Rajendra - Edith Cowan UniversityNicola P. Bondonno - Danish Cancer SocietyLiezhou Zhong - Edith Cowan UniversitySimone Radavelli-Bagatini - Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, AustraliaKevin Murray - The University of Western AustraliaStephanie R. Rainey-Smith - Murdoch UniversitySamantha L. Gardener - Edith Cowan UniversityLauren C. Blekkenhorst - Royal Perth HospitalDianna J. Magliano - Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteJonathan E. Shaw - Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteRobin M. Daly - Deakin UniversityKaarin J. Anstey - UNSW SydneyJoshua R. Lewis - Children's Hospital at WestmeadJonathan M. Hodgson - Edith Cowan UniversityCatherine P. Bondonno - The University of Western Australia
- Publication Details
- Frontiers in nutrition (Lausanne), Vol.11, 1327042
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media S.A.
- Identifiers
- 991005697144007891
- Copyright
- © 2024 Rajendra, Bondonno, Zhong, Radavelli-Bagatini, Murray, Rainey-Smith, Gardener, Blekkenhorst, Magliano, Shaw, Daly, Anstey, Lewis, Hodgson and Bondonno.
- Murdoch Affiliation
- Centre for Healthy Ageing
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Note
- This article is part of the Research Topic - Dietary Nitrate: Friend or Foe
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