Logo image
Potential for immune-driven viral polymorphisms to compromise antiretroviral-based preexposure prophylaxis for prevention of HIV-1 infection
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Potential for immune-driven viral polymorphisms to compromise antiretroviral-based preexposure prophylaxis for prevention of HIV-1 infection

H. Gatanaga, Z.L. Brumme, E. Adland, G. Reyes-Teran, S. Avila-Rios, C.R. Mejía-Villatoro, T. Hayashida, T. Chikata, G. Van Tran, K. Van Nguyen, …
AIDS, Vol.31(14), pp.1935-1943
2017
url
Link to Published Version *Subscription may be requiredView

Abstract

Objective: Long-acting rilpivirine is a candidate for preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for prevention of HIV-1 infection. However, rilpivirine resistance mutations at reverse transcriptase codon 138 (E138X) occur naturally in a minority of HIV-1-infected persons; in particular those expressing human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*18 where reverse transcriptase-E138X arises as an immune escape mutation. We investigate the global prevalence, B*18-linkage and replicative cost of reverse transcriptase-E138X and its regional implications for rilpivirine PrEP. Methods: We analyzed linked reverse transcriptase-E138X/HLA data from 7772 antiretroviral-naive patients from 16 cohorts spanning five continents and five HIV-1 subtypes, alongside unlinked global reverse transcriptase-E138X and HLA frequencies from public databases. E138X-containing HIV-1 variants were assessed for in-vitro replication as a surrogate of mutation stability following transmission. Results: Reverse transcriptase-E138X variants, where the most common were rilpivirine resistance-associated mutations E138A/G/K, were significantly enriched in HLA-B*18-positive individuals globally (P = 3.5 × 10−20) and in all HIV-1 subtypes except A. Reverse transcriptase-E138X and B*18 frequencies correlated positively in 16 cohorts with linked HIV/HLA genotypes (Spearman's R = 0.75; P = 7.6 × 10−4) and in unlinked HIV/HLA data from 43 countries (Spearman's R = 0.34, P = 0.02). Notably, reverse transcriptase-E138X frequencies approached (or exceeded) 10% in key epidemic regions (e.g. sub-Saharan Africa, Southeastern Europe) where B*18 is more common. This, along with the observation that reverse transcriptase-E138X variants do not confer in-vitro replicative costs, supports their persistence, and ongoing accumulation in circulation over time. Conclusions: Results illustrate the potential for a natural immune-driven HIV-1 polymorphism to compromise antiretroviral-based prevention, particularly in key epidemic regions. Regional reverse transcriptase-E138X surveillance should be undertaken before use of rilpivirine PrEP.

Details

UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

This output has contributed to the advancement of the following goals:

#3 Good Health and Well-Being

Source: InCites

Metrics

InCites Highlights

These are selected metrics from InCites Benchmarking & Analytics tool, related to this output

Collaboration types
Domestic collaboration
International collaboration
Citation topics
1 Clinical & Life Sciences
1.66 HIV
1.66.46 HIV Pathogenesis
Web Of Science research areas
Immunology
Infectious Diseases
Virology
ESI research areas
Immunology
Logo image