Journal article
Predicting the risk of kidney stone formation in the nephron by ‘reverse engineering’
Urolithiasis, Vol.48, pp.201-208
2019
Abstract
Although most kidney stones are found in the calyx, they are usually initiated upstream in the nephron by precipitation there of certain incipient mineral phases. The risk of kidney stone formation can thus be indicated by changes in the degree of saturation of these minerals in the nephron fluid. To this end, relevant concentration profiles in the fluid along the nephron have been calculated by starting with specified urine compositions and imposing constraints from the corresponding, much less variable, blood compositions. A model for supersaturation within ten sections of both long and short nephrons has accordingly been developed based on this ‘reverse engineering’ of the necessary substance concentrations coupled with chemical speciation distributions calculated by our Joint Expert Speciation System (JESS). This allows the likelihood of precipitation to be assessed based on Ostwald’s ‘Rule of Stages’. Differences between normal and stone-former profiles have been used to identify sections in the nephron where conditions seem most likely to induce heterogeneous nucleation.
Details
- Title
- Predicting the risk of kidney stone formation in the nephron by ‘reverse engineering’
- Authors/Creators
- M.G. Hill (Author/Creator) - Murdoch UniversityE. Königsberger (Author/Creator) - Murdoch UniversityP.M. May (Author/Creator) - Murdoch University
- Publication Details
- Urolithiasis, Vol.48, pp.201-208
- Publisher
- Springer Berlin Heidelberg
- Identifiers
- 991005542335507891
- Copyright
- © 2019 Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature
- Murdoch Affiliation
- Chemistry and Physics
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article
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- Citation topics
- 1 Clinical & Life Sciences
- 1.243 Kidney Diseases
- 1.243.519 Urolithiasis
- Web Of Science research areas
- Urology & Nephrology
- ESI research areas
- Clinical Medicine