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Propionate Induces Energy Expenditure via Browning in Mesenteric Adipose Tissue
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Propionate Induces Energy Expenditure via Browning in Mesenteric Adipose Tissue

Baichen Lu, Aylin C Hanyaloglu, Yue Ma, Adam E Frampton, Christopher Limb, Nabeel Merali, Madhava Pai, Rehan Ahmed, Mark Christian and Gary Frost
The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, Vol.111(1), pp.256-267
2026
PMID: 40354118
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Published1.07 MBDownloadView
Published (Version of Record) Open Access CC BY V4.0

Abstract

adipose tissue SCFA propionate browning thermogenesis
Context Short-chain fatty acids, such as propionate, are produced from the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota and modulate adipose tissue (AT) metabolism to influence whole-body metabolic processes. Abdominal AT, critical in glucose and lipid homeostasis, is categorized into mesenteric, omental, and subcutaneous types based on its location. ATs display different metabolic phenotypes due to their distinct adipocyte lineages—white, brown, and beige. Recent evidence points to a significant effect of propionate on abdominal AT. Objective Our study investigated the actions of propionate on the 3 types of human abdominal AT. Methods AT from distinct depots (mesenteric, omental, and subcutaneous) were collected from 40 patients who underwent open abdominal surgery for cholecystectomy or explorative laparotomy. Tissue explants and isolated adipocytes were treated with 1 mM propionate to assess AT browning and metabolic homeostasis. Results Propionate upregulated brown fat markers UCP1 and PGC1α in adipose tissue and mature adipocytes, particularly of mesenteric origin. Propionate exposure led to increased mitochondrial respiration and adenosine triphosphate production, primarily in mesenteric adipocytes, along with improved glucose uptake and reduced lipolysis and inflammation. In addition, propionate increased thermogenesis, glycolysis, and lipogenesis. Conclusion The pronounced response of mesenteric AT to propionate underscores its potential as a therapeutic target for managing abdominal obesity and metabolic disorders.

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