Quantifying the Stability-defect-layer Trade-off in Surfactant-assisted Fluid-dynamic Exfoliation of Few-layer Graphene

Amun Amri; Deki Sarma; Panca Setia Utama; Dhina Febryza; Mohammednoor Altarawneh; Khairulazhar Jumbri; Hatem Taha; Hussein A. Miran; Zainab N. Jaf; Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman; Mazhibayev Assylzhan; Zhong Tao Jiang

doi:10.3311/PPch.42157

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Quantifying the Stability-defect-layer Trade-off in Surfactant-assisted Fluid-dynamic Exfoliation of Few-layer Graphene

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Quantifying the Stability-defect-layer Trade-off in Surfactant-assisted Fluid-dynamic Exfoliation of Few-layer Graphene

Amun Amri, Deki Sarma, Panca Setia Utama, Dhina Febryza, Mohammednoor Altarawneh, Khairulazhar Jumbri, Hatem Taha, Hussein A. Miran, Zainab N. Jaf, Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman, …

Periodica polytechnica. Chemical engineering, Vol.69(4), pp.632-648

2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3311/PPch.42157

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Abstract

Engineering

Engineering, Chemical

Science & Technology

Technology

In this paper we report an all-aqueous fluid-dynamic exfoliation route to low-defect few-layer graphene (FLG) using the non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100. Systematic variation of surfactant concentration (1-5 wt%) and processing time (0.5-1.5 h) revealed a quantitative interplay among stability, defect, and layer. Raman spectroscopy and 2D band Lorentzian modeling revealed that the few-layer graphene (FLG) predominantly consists of four layers, with very low defect ratios (I-D/I-G = 0.02-0.11; I-2D/I-G = 0.18-0.30). Raman imaging confirmed spatially uniform G band intensity, while the edge-activated D band signals indicated residual edge defects characteristic of shear-cleaved flakes. Transmission electron microscopy and particle size analysis yielded lateral sizes of similar to 1.29-1.43 mu m with a narrow distribution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy verified that the defects were not oxidation-derived, while UV-Vis showed graphene Ti-Ti absorption at 270-276 nm. This work establishes a short-duration, low-cost, and solvent-free approach for producing stable FLG suitable for liquid-phase applications and provides process-structure metrics for benchmarking across exfoliation studies.

Details

Title: Quantifying the Stability-defect-layer Trade-off in Surfactant-assisted Fluid-dynamic Exfoliation of Few-layer Graphene
Authors/Creators: Amun Amri - Riau University
Deki Sarma - Univ Riau, Fac Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Bina Widya Campus KM 12 5, Pekanbaru 28293, Indonesia
Panca Setia Utama - Riau University
Dhina Febryza - Riau University
Mohammednoor Altarawneh - Professional Beef Services
Khairulazhar Jumbri - Universiti Teknologi Petronas
Hatem Taha - Murdoch University
Hussein A. Miran - University of Baghdad
Zainab N. Jaf - University of Baghdad
Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman - Jahangirnagar University
Mazhibayev Assylzhan - Taraz Univ M Kh Dulaty, Fac Technol, Dept Chem & Chem Technol, Taraz 080000, Kazakhstan
Zhong Tao Jiang - Murdoch University, Centre for Water, Energy and Waste
Publication Details: Periodica polytechnica. Chemical engineering, Vol.69(4), pp.632-648
Publisher: Budapest Univ Technology Economics
Number of pages: 17
Grant note: 20687/UN19.5.1.3/AL.04/2024 / Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology Republic of Indonesia via the Riset Terapan scheme
Identifiers: 991005849988507891
Murdoch Affiliation: Centre for Water, Energy and Waste; Surface Analysis and Materials Engineering Research Group
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

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Collaboration types: Domestic collaboration; International collaboration
Citation topics: 2 Chemistry; 2.76 2D Materials; 2.76.39 Graphene
Web Of Science research areas: Engineering, Chemical
ESI research areas: Chemistry