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CC BY V4.0, Open Access
Journal article
Reducing Embodied Carbon of Paving Blocks with Landfill Waste Incineration Ash: An Eco-Cement Life Cycle Assessment
Engineering, technology & applied science research, Vol.15(2), pp.21913-21917
2025
Abstract
This study examines the embodied carbon of paving blocks by substituting Portland Composite Cement (PCC) with landfill waste incineration ash at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% replacement levels. Using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and mechanical testing, the embodied carbon value was calculated per ISO 14040 standards. Results show that a 50% replacement achieves a 33% reduction in embodied carbon (120 kgCO₂e/m³ vs. 180 kgCO₂e/m³ for conventional paving blocks) while maintaining compressive strength within SNI criteria. These findings highlight the potential for eco-cement paving blocks to support sustainable construction and inform policies promoting low-carbon building materials.
Details
- Title
- Reducing Embodied Carbon of Paving Blocks with Landfill Waste Incineration Ash: An Eco-Cement Life Cycle Assessment
- Authors/Creators
- . DarhamsyahMiswar TumpuM. Farid SamawiMartin Anda - Murdoch University, Centre for Water, Energy and WasteAzlan AbasM. Yusuf Satria
- Publication Details
- Engineering, technology & applied science research, Vol.15(2), pp.21913-21917
- Publisher
- Gastounī Īleias: Politistikos Syllogos
- Number of pages
- 5
- Identifiers
- 991005765128507891
- Copyright
- (c) 2025 by the authors
- Murdoch Affiliation
- Murdoch University; Centre for Water, Energy and Waste; Indo-Pacific Research Centre
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article
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