Seroprevalence, potential risk factors, and pathological observation of classical swine fever in pigs in Bali Province, Indonesia

I Ketut Wirata; Ida Bagus Windia Adnyana; Ida Bagus Oka Winaya; I Ketut Berata; I Made Kardena; Luh Kadek Nanda Laksmi; Muhammad Jasim Uddin; I Ketut Narcana; Palagan Senopati Sewoyo

doi:10.57494/jjvr.73.3-4_72

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Seroprevalence, potential risk factors, and pathological observation of classical swine fever in pigs in Bali Province, Indonesia

Journal article

Peer reviewed

Seroprevalence, potential risk factors, and pathological observation of classical swine fever in pigs in Bali Province, Indonesia

I Ketut Wirata, Ida Bagus Windia Adnyana, Ida Bagus Oka Winaya, I Ketut Berata, I Made Kardena, Luh Kadek Nanda Laksmi, Muhammad Jasim Uddin, I Ketut Narcana and Palagan Senopati Sewoyo

Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research, Vol.73(3-4), pp.72-82

2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.57494/jjvr.73.3-4_72

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Abstract

classical swine fever

pathology

seroprevalence

swine

Classical swine fever (CSF) is an important viral disease of pigs caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV), with major impacts on animal health and the livestock industry. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of CSFV antibodies in pigs in Bali, assess potential risk factors associated with seropositivity, and describe pathological changes in clinically suspected cases confirmed by rRT-PCR. From September to December 2023, 470 blood samples from pigs with no available vaccination records were collected across Bali and tested using C-ELISA. In addition, 15 pigs showing CSF signs were necropsied for pathological and rRT-PCR evaluation. Six were confirmed CSFV-positive. The overall seroprevalence was 40.8% (192/470, 95% CI: 36.4–45.4). The highest prevalence occurred in Klungkung regency (65.4%, 17/26). Pigs from urban areas were 1.76 times more likely to be seropositive (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.18–2.64) than those from rural areas. By age, pigs under two years were 1.21 times more likely to be seropositive (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.65–2.23), while crossbred pigs were 1.27 times more likely (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 0.85–1.88) compared to purebreds; however, these differences were not statistically significant. Only location (urban vs. rural) showed a significant association. Pathological changes were observed in the skin, brain, trachea, lungs, kidney, spleen, and intestines. This study demonstrates a relatively high seroprevalence of CSFV in Bali. The limited vaccination records suggests minimal vaccine coverage, indicating that the high seroprevalence most likely reflects natural infection.

Details

Title: Seroprevalence, potential risk factors, and pathological observation of classical swine fever in pigs in Bali Province, Indonesia
Authors/Creators: I Ketut Wirata - Disease Investigation Center
Ida Bagus Windia Adnyana - Udayana University
Ida Bagus Oka Winaya - Udayana University
I Ketut Berata - Udayana University
I Made Kardena - Udayana University
Luh Kadek Nanda Laksmi - Disease Investigation Center
Muhammad Jasim Uddin - Murdoch University
I Ketut Narcana - Disease Investigation Center
Palagan Senopati Sewoyo - Udayana University
Publication Details: Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research, Vol.73(3-4), pp.72-82
Publisher: Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research Editorial Committee
Number of pages: 11
Identifiers: 991005847348007891
Murdoch Affiliation: Harry Butler Institute; School of Veterinary Medicine; Centre for Animal Production and Health
Language: English; Japanese
Resource Type: Journal article

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