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CC BY V4.0, Open Access
Journal article
Sex differences in the association between episodic memory residual reserve index and change in executive function
Aging brain, Vol.8, 100146
2025
Abstract
Sex differences in cognitive reserve might contribute to females being disproportionately affected by Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We investigated sex differences in the protective effects of cognitive reserve, and whether brain beta-amyloid accounts for differences. Older adults (n = 997 from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Study of Ageing) diagnosed as Cognitively Normal, Mild Cognitive Impairment, or AD at baseline were assessed every 18 months for up to a maximum of seven visits. Cognitive reserve was calculated from the variance in episodic memory not explained by demographic or brain measures. Executive functioning (EF) intercept and slope were regressed onto the main and interaction effects of cognitive reserve x brain integrity x sex, plus covariates (age, number of APOE ε4 alleles). A three-way interaction was observed between cognitive reserve, brain integrity, and sex on the EF slope. Females benefitted more than males from the protective effects of cognitive reserve at low levels of brain integrity. Sex differences in the protective effect of cognitive reserve were not moderated by brain beta-amyloid burden.
Details
- Title
- Sex differences in the association between episodic memory residual reserve index and change in executive function
- Authors/Creators
- Cheyenne Chooi - School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, AustraliaBrandon E. Gavett - School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, AustraliaDavid Ames - National Ageing Research InstitutePaul Maruff - The University of MelbourneVincent Doré - Cogstate Ltd, Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaVictor L. Villemagne - University of PittsburghPierrick Bourgeat - The University of MelbourneYing Xia - The University of MelbourneColin L. Masters - The University of MelbourneRalph N. Martins - Macquarie UniversityKevin Taddei - Edith Cowan UniversityChristopher C. Rowe - Austin HealthMichael Weinborn - School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, AustraliaStephanie R. Rainey-Smith - School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Publication Details
- Aging brain, Vol.8, 100146
- Publisher
- Elsevier Inc.
- Number of pages
- 13
- Identifiers
- 991005802049507891
- Copyright
- © 2025 The Authors.
- Murdoch Affiliation
- Centre for Healthy Ageing
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article
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