Synergism between elevated temperature and nitrate: Impact on aerobic capacity of European grayling, Thymallus thymallus in warm, eutrophic waters

April Grace R. Opinion; Gudrun De Boeck; Essie M. Rodgers

doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105563

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Synergism between elevated temperature and nitrate: Impact on aerobic capacity of European grayling, Thymallus thymallus in warm, eutrophic waters

Journal article

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Synergism between elevated temperature and nitrate: Impact on aerobic capacity of European grayling, Thymallus thymallus in warm, eutrophic waters

April Grace R. Opinion, Gudrun De Boeck and Essie M. Rodgers

Aquatic toxicology, Vol.226, pp.105563-105563

2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105563

PMID: 32673887

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Abstract

Climate change

Eutrophication

Aerobic scope

Cardiorespiratory remodeling

Multiple stressors

Environmental change

Climate warming and nitrate pollution are pervasive aquatic stressors that endanger the persistence of fishes prevailing in anthropogenically disturbed habitats. Individually, elevated nitrate and temperature can influence fish energy homeostasis by increasing maintenance costs and impairing oxygen transport capacity. However, it remains unknown how fish respond to simultaneous exposure to elevated temperature and nitrate pollution. Hence, we examined the combined effects of nitrate and elevated temperatures on aerobic scope (AS, maximum-standard metabolic rates) and cardiorespiratory attributes (haemoglobin HB, haematocrit HCT, relative ventricle mass RVM, and somatic spleen index SSI) in a freshwater salmonid, Thymallus thymallus. A 3 × 2 factorial design was used, where fish were exposed to one of three ecologically relevant levels of nitrate (0, 50, or 200 mg NO3− l-1) and one of two temperatures (18 °C or 22 °C) for 6 weeks. Elevated temperature increased AS by 36 % and the improvement was stronger when coupled with nitrate exposure, indicating a positive synergistic interaction. HB was reduced by nitrate exposure, while HCT was independent of nitrate pollution and temperature. Stressor exposure induced remodeling of key elements of the cardiorespiratory system. RVM was 39 % higher in fish exposed to 22 °C compared to 18 °C but was independent of nitrate exposure. SSI was independent of temperature but was 85 % and 57 % higher in fish exposed to 50 and 200 mg NO3− l-1, respectively. Taken together, these results highlight that simultaneous exposure to elevated temperatures and nitrate pollution offers cross-tolerance benefits, which may be underscored by cardiorespiratory remodeling.

Details

Title: Synergism between elevated temperature and nitrate: Impact on aerobic capacity of European grayling, Thymallus thymallus in warm, eutrophic waters
Authors/Creators: April Grace R. Opinion - University of Antwerp
Gudrun De Boeck - University of Antwerp
Essie M. Rodgers - University of Canterbury
Publication Details: Aquatic toxicology, Vol.226, pp.105563-105563
Publisher: Elsevier
Number of pages: 9
Grant note: VLIR-UOS (Vlaamse Interuniversitaire Raad) 38722A / BOF grants of the University of Antwerp Research Council on the project "Insight into the combined effects of eutrophication and climate warming on fish" G053317 N / Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) on the project "Adaptive responses of an aquatic vertebrate to chemical pollution"; FWO
Identifiers: 991005560447307891
Murdoch Affiliation: School of Environmental and Conservation Sciences
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

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Collaboration types: Domestic collaboration; International collaboration
Citation topics: 3 Agriculture, Environment & Ecology; 3.2 Marine Biology; 3.2.116 Aquaculture Nutrition
Web Of Science research areas: Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
ESI research areas: Plant & Animal Science