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Testing hypotheses of skull function with comparative finite element analysis: three methods reveal contrasting results
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Testing hypotheses of skull function with comparative finite element analysis: three methods reveal contrasting results

D Rex Mitchell, Stephen Wroe, Meg Martin and Vera Weisbecker
Journal of experimental biology, Vol.228(4), JEB249747
2025
PMID: 39817439
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Published771.88 kBDownloadView
Open Access

Abstract

Bite force Feeding biomechanics Finite element analysis Mechanical advantage Potoroidae Scaling
Comparative finite element analysis involves standardising aspects of models to test equivalent loading scenarios across species. However, regarding feeding biomechanics of the vertebrate skull, what is considered "equivalent" can depend on the hypothesis. Using 13 diversely-shaped skulls of marsupial bettongs and potoroos (Potoroidae), we demonstrate that scaling muscle forces to standardise specific aspects of biting mechanics can produce clearly opposing comparisons of stress or strain that are differentially suited to address specific kinds of hypotheses. We therefore propose three categories of hypotheses for skull biting mechanics, each involving a unique method of muscle scaling to produce meaningful results: those comparing (1) the skull's efficiency in distributing muscle forces to the biting teeth, via standardising input muscle force to skull size, (2) structural biting adaptation through standardising mechanical advantage to simulate size-independent, equivalent bites, and (3) feeding ecology affected by size, such as niche partitioning, via standardising bite reaction force.Comparative finite element analysis involves standardising aspects of models to test equivalent loading scenarios across species. However, regarding feeding biomechanics of the vertebrate skull, what is considered "equivalent" can depend on the hypothesis. Using 13 diversely-shaped skulls of marsupial bettongs and potoroos (Potoroidae), we demonstrate that scaling muscle forces to standardise specific aspects of biting mechanics can produce clearly opposing comparisons of stress or strain that are differentially suited to address specific kinds of hypotheses. We therefore propose three categories of hypotheses for skull biting mechanics, each involving a unique method of muscle scaling to produce meaningful results: those comparing (1) the skull's efficiency in distributing muscle forces to the biting teeth, via standardising input muscle force to skull size, (2) structural biting adaptation through standardising mechanical advantage to simulate size-independent, equivalent bites, and (3) feeding ecology affected by size, such as niche partitioning, via standardising bite reaction force.

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Source: InCites

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Collaboration types
Domestic collaboration
Citation topics
8 Earth Sciences
8.93 Archaeology
8.93.805 Mammalia
Web Of Science research areas
Biology
Zoology
ESI research areas
Biology & Biochemistry
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