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Published (Version of Record)CC BY-NC-ND V4.0, Open Access
Journal article
The addition of low-cost few layers graphene (FLG) to improve flexural strength of coal fly ash based-geopolymer
Journal of materials research and technology, Vol.24, pp.8849-8855
05/2023
Abstract
The flexural strength of geopolymer has been improved by the addition of few layers graphene (FLG). The composites were made by mixing coal fly ash, alkaline activator, fine aggregate and FLG. FLG was obtained from a simple, low-cost and environmentally friendly liquid shear exfoliation method using a kitchen blender. Flexural strength and morphological properties were characterized using hydraulic concrete beam testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The interaction between the geopolymer matrix and the FLG were also discussed through the density functional theory (DFT) approach. The flexural strength of composites increased with the increasing FLG content, and reached a maximum increase of 14.9% when 12% of FLG was added. SEM micrographs showed that the FLG addition changed the surface profile of geopolymers, from a grain-containing surface to a grain-less surface. TEM figures confirmed the existence of FLG, where various sizes of FLG were distributed and embedded in the matrix. The optimized structure through the DFT calculations revealed the emergence of several types of secondary bonds between carbon atoms on the FLG surface and the nearest oxygen (O), sodium (Na) and silicon (Si) atoms that strengthen the composite. Unexpectedly, this geopolymer composite could maintain its high flexural strength after exposure to a temperature of 300 °C. Overall, low-cost FLG is a promising additive for manufacturing high flexural strength geopolymers for industrial scale and for expanding their catalog of contemporary applications.
Details
- Title
- The addition of low-cost few layers graphene (FLG) to improve flexural strength of coal fly ash based-geopolymer
- Authors/Creators
- Amun Amri - Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Riau, 28293, IndonesiaAurelia Amartya - Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Riau, 28293, IndonesiaYudistira Ilham - Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Riau, 28293, IndonesiaSigit Sutikno - Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Riau, 28293, IndonesiaSilvia Reni Yenti - Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Riau, 28293, IndonesiaBahruddin Ibarahim - Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Riau, 28293, IndonesiaDesi Heltina - Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Riau, 28293, IndonesiaNicholas Mondinos - Chemistry and Physics, SHEE, Murdoch University, WA, 6150, AustraliaMohammednoor Altarawneh - United Arab Emirates UniversityZhong-Tao Jiang - Murdoch University
- Publication Details
- Journal of materials research and technology, Vol.24, pp.8849-8855
- Publisher
- Elsevier B.V
- Identifiers
- 991005579989907891
- Copyright
- © 2023 The Authors
- Murdoch Affiliation
- Centre for Water, Energy and Waste
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article
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- Web Of Science research areas
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- Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
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