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Journal article
The therapeutic efficacy of neem leaf extract against coinfection with Chlamydophila psittaci and low pathogenic avian influenza virus H9N2 in broiler chickens
Poultry science, Vol.103(10), 104089
2024
Abstract
Avian chlamydiosis is a serious avian infection that carries a significant zoonotic danger to the poultry industry. The respiratory co-infections caused by the low pathogenic avian influenza virus H9N2 (LPAIV H9N2) also cause significant financial losses in the poultry industry. The purpose of this study was to examine the pathogenicity of Chlamydophila psittaci, and LPAIV H9N2 individually and in combination in broiler chickens, as well as to determine whether or not aqueous neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract is effective against infections caused by these pathogens. Therefore, 120 broiler cobb chicks were equally divided into 4 groups (30 birds each) with triplicates with 10 birds. Broilers in group 1 (G1) were infected with only C. psittaci, broilers in group 2 (G2) were infected with only LPAIV H9N2, broilers in group 3 (G3) were infected with C. psittaci and LPAIV H9N2, and broilers in group 4 (G4) remained not challenged and non-treated with any therapeutic or preventive treatment (negative control). At 21 d postinfection (dpi), birds in G1, G2, and G3 were divided into 3 subgroups of 10 birds each: subgroup (A) remained infected and untreated (positive control), subgroup (B) infected and received oxytetracycline for 5 consecutive days, and subgroup (C) infected and received 8% aqueous neem leaf extract for 5 consecutive days. The multiplication of C. psittaci in birds in G1, in various tissues was evaluated using Giemsa staining and the data showed that multiplication was much higher in the lung, spleen, and liver from 6 h to 21 dpi, but low in the heart from 8 to 21 dpi. During simultaneous co-infection in G3, the birds developed significant clinical symptoms and postmortem lesions (PM). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect viral shedding from oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs between 2 dpi and 8 dpi, with cycle threshold (CT) values ranging from 22 to 24. In contrast, bacterial shedding began 6 h after infection and continued until 21 dpi, with CT values ranging from 23 to 26. Administration of an aqueous neem leaf extract at an 8% concentration (Group C) resulted in a numerical rise in average body weight across all treatment groups in the third and fourth week, as well as a reduction in LPAIV H9N2 and C. psittaci replication in the respiratory and gut of treated birds compared to those treated with oxytetracycline (Group B). Overall, respiratory co-infections pose a considerable risk to the poultry business, which is a big threat. To control C. psittaci and LPAIV H9N2 in broiler chickens, oral supplementation of 8% aqueous neem leaf extract is recommended. This treatment improves the birds' performance, as evidenced by an increase in their average body weight. In addition, the application of 8% aqueous neem leaf extract lowers C. psittaci replication within tissues and diminishes LPAIV H9N2 shedding.
Details
- Title
- The therapeutic efficacy of neem leaf extract against coinfection with Chlamydophila psittaci and low pathogenic avian influenza virus H9N2 in broiler chickens
- Authors/Creators
- Ahmed M.E. Hegazy - Zagazig UniversityAmira M. Morsy - Reference Laboratory for Quality Control on Poultry Production, Department of Poultry Diseases, Animal Health Research Institute, Arish Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC)Heba M. Salem - Cairo UniversityMayasar I. Al-zaban - Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityAbdullah M. Alkahtani - King Khalid UniversityNaheda M. Alshammari - King Abdulaziz UniversityMohamed T. El-Saadony - Zagazig UniversityLamaia R. Altarjami - King Abdulaziz UniversitySafia M.A. Bahshwan - King Abdulaziz UniversityMada M. AL-Qurashi - King Abdulaziz UniversityKhaled A. El-Tarabily - United Arab Emirates UniversityHala M.N. Tolba - Zagazig University
- Publication Details
- Poultry science, Vol.103(10), 104089
- Publisher
- Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Poultry Science Association Inc.
- Number of pages
- 14
- Grant note
- Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: PNURSP2024R84 Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University: RGP2/530/44 UAEU Pro-gram for Advanced Research: 21S105
The authors gratefully acknowledge Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2024R84) , Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through large group Research Project under grant number (RGP2/530/44) . Funding: This project was funded by Abu Dhabi Award for Research Excellence-Department of Education and Knowledge (Grant #: 21S105) and UAEU Pro-gram for Advanced Research (Grant #: 12S169) to K. El-Tarabily.
- Identifiers
- 991005688802807891
- Copyright
- © 2024 The Authors.
- Murdoch Affiliation
- Centre for Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Sustainability
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Citation topics
- 1 Clinical & Life Sciences
- 1.248 Sexually Transmitted Infections
- 1.248.655 Chlamydia Infections
- Web Of Science research areas
- Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
- ESI research areas
- Plant & Animal Science