Toxicity of Ethyl Formate to Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) Exhibiting Different Levels of Phosphine Resistance and Its Influence on Metabolite Profiles

Changyao Shan; Xinyue You; Li Li; Xin Du; Yonglin Ren; Tao Liu

doi:10.3390/agriculture14020323

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Toxicity of Ethyl Formate to Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) Exhibiting Different Levels of Phosphine Resistance and Its Influence on Metabolite Profiles

Journal article

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Toxicity of Ethyl Formate to Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) Exhibiting Different Levels of Phosphine Resistance and Its Influence on Metabolite Profiles

Changyao Shan, Xinyue You, Li Li, Xin Du, Yonglin Ren and Tao Liu

Agriculture (Basel), Vol.14(2), 323

2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14020323

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Abstract

Bioassays

Chromatography

Cross-resistance

Flour

Grain

Insects

Mass spectrometry

Mass spectroscopy

Metabolic pathways

Metabolic response

Metabolism

Metabolites

Metabolomics

Pest control

Pest resistance

Phosphine

Phosphines

Quarantine

Sample preparation

Sensors

Solid phase methods

Solid phases

Sublethal dosage

Temperature

Topology

Toxicity

Tribolium castaneum

Ethyl formate (EF), a naturally occurring fumigant, has attracted widespread attention owing to its low toxicity in mammals. Here, Direct Immersion Solid-Phase Microextraction (DI-SPME) was employed for sample preparation in mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics to evaluate the effects on Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) strains with different levels of PH3 resistance (sensitive, TC-S; moderately resistant, TC-M; strongly resistant, TC-SR) when exposed to a sub-lethal concentration (LC30) of EF. The bioassay indicated that T. castaneum strains with varying PH3 resistance levels did not confer cross-resistance to EF. A metabolomic analysis revealed that exposure to sublethal doses of EF significantly altered 23 metabolites in T. castaneum, including 2 that are unique to the species which remained unaffected by external conditions, while 11 compounds showed a strong response. A pathway topology analysis indicated that EF caused changes to several metabolic pathways, mainly involving fatty acids and their related metabolic pathways. This study showed that EF can induce highly similar metabolic responses in insects across varying levels of PH3 resistance, suggesting that the mechanisms driving the toxicity of EF and PH3 are distinct. These insights significantly extend our knowledge of the toxic mechanisms of EF and provide direct evidence for the efficacy of EF treatment for managing PH3 resistance in insects.

Details

Title: Toxicity of Ethyl Formate to Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) Exhibiting Different Levels of Phosphine Resistance and Its Influence on Metabolite Profiles
Authors/Creators: Changyao Shan - Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine
Xinyue You
Li Li - Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine
Xin Du - Murdoch University
Yonglin Ren - Murdoch University
Tao Liu - Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine
Publication Details: Agriculture (Basel), Vol.14(2), 323
Publisher: MDPI AG
Identifiers: 991005639364707891
Murdoch Affiliation: Centre for Biosecurity and One Health
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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#12 Responsible Consumption & Production

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Collaboration types: Domestic collaboration; International collaboration
Citation topics: 3 Agriculture, Environment & Ecology; 3.32 Entomology; 3.32.1138 Botanical Insecticides
Web Of Science research areas: Agronomy
ESI research areas: Agricultural Sciences