Logo image
Use of tetanus toxoid as a differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) strategy for sero-surveillance of avian influenza virus vaccination in poultry
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Use of tetanus toxoid as a differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) strategy for sero-surveillance of avian influenza virus vaccination in poultry

C.M. James-Berry, Y.Y. Foong, J.P. Mansfield, S.G. Fenwick and T.M. Ellis
Vaccine, Vol.25(31), pp.5892-5901
2007
url
Link to Published Version *Subscription may be requiredView

Abstract

Strategies for differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) require improvement for increased surveillance of avian influenza (AI), where vaccination is employed to control disease. We propose a novel DIVA approach for chickens using tetanus toxoid (TT) as an exogenous marker independent of serotype and relatedness of circulating and vaccine strains. Of 1779 chickens tested from Australia, Hong Kong and China, 100% were seronegative for TT-specific antibodies without vaccination. Tetanus toxoid adjuvanted to mineral oil was immunogenic in chickens. Co-delivery of both TT and inactivated LPAI (H6N2) vaccines in chickens elicited strong TT and influenza-specific antibody responses, which persisted to 53 weeks post-vaccination. Furthermore, immunization with a combined vaccine composed of TT and AI induced high levels of antibodies to both antigens. We conclude that TT is a highly suitable exogenous marker for AI vaccination in chickens allowing simple and effective monitoring of AI vaccination status.

Details

UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

This output has contributed to the advancement of the following goals:

#3 Good Health and Well-Being

Source: InCites

Metrics

InCites Highlights

These are selected metrics from InCites Benchmarking & Analytics tool, related to this output

Citation topics
1 Clinical & Life Sciences
1.104 Virology - General
1.104.126 Influenza
Web Of Science research areas
Immunology
Medicine, Research & Experimental
ESI research areas
Immunology
Logo image