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Journal article
Hordeum I genome unlocks adaptive evolution and genetic potential for crop improvement
Nature plants, Vol.11(3), pp.438-452
2025
Abstract
Crop wild relatives (CWRs) are invaluable for crop improvement. Among these, Hordeum I-genome species exhibit exceptional tolerance to alkali and salt stresses. Here we present a chromosome-scale genome assembly of Hordeum brevisubulatum (II, 2n = 2x =14) and genome resequencing of 38 diploid germplasms spanning 7 I-genome species. We reveal that the adaptive evolution of the H. brevisubulatum genome is shaped by structural variations, some of which may contribute to its adaptation to high alkali and salt environments. Evolutionary duplication of the stress sensor-responder module CaBP-NRT2 and the horizontally transferred fungal gene Fhb7 were identified as novel alkaline-saline tolerance mechanisms. We also demonstrate the potential of the Hordeum I genome in crop breeding through the newly synthesized hexaploid Tritordeum (AABBII) with enhanced alkaline-saline tolerance. Our study fills critical gaps in Hordeum genomics and CWR research, advancing introgression of CWR resources into current crops for sustainable agriculture.Crop wild relatives (CWRs) are invaluable for crop improvement. Among these, Hordeum I-genome species exhibit exceptional tolerance to alkali and salt stresses. Here we present a chromosome-scale genome assembly of Hordeum brevisubulatum (II, 2n = 2x =14) and genome resequencing of 38 diploid germplasms spanning 7 I-genome species. We reveal that the adaptive evolution of the H. brevisubulatum genome is shaped by structural variations, some of which may contribute to its adaptation to high alkali and salt environments. Evolutionary duplication of the stress sensor-responder module CaBP-NRT2 and the horizontally transferred fungal gene Fhb7 were identified as novel alkaline-saline tolerance mechanisms. We also demonstrate the potential of the Hordeum I genome in crop breeding through the newly synthesized hexaploid Tritordeum (AABBII) with enhanced alkaline-saline tolerance. Our study fills critical gaps in Hordeum genomics and CWR research, advancing introgression of CWR resources into current crops for sustainable agriculture.
Details
- Title
- Hordeum I genome unlocks adaptive evolution and genetic potential for crop improvement
- Authors/Creators
- Hao Feng - Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesQingwei Du - Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesYing Jiang - Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesYong Jia - Murdoch UniversityTianhua He - Murdoch UniversityYibin Wang - Agricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenBrett Chapman - Murdoch UniversityJiaxin Yu - Agricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenHaiwen Zhang - Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesMengxue Gu - Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesMengwei Jiang - Agricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenShanshan Gao - Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesXinjie Zhang - Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesYameng Song - Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesVanika Garg - Murdoch UniversityRajeev K Varshney - Murdoch UniversityJianhua Wei - Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesChengdao Li - Department of Primary Industries and Regional DevelopmentXingtan Zhang - Agricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenRuifen Li - Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
- Publication Details
- Nature plants, Vol.11(3), pp.438-452
- Publisher
- Springer Nature; BERLIN
- Number of pages
- 27
- Grant note
- National Wheat Wild Relative Resource Garden of ChinaNational Herbage Germplasm Bank of ChinaNatural Science Foundation of Beijing: 5222006 Outstanding Scientist Development Program of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences: JKZX202203 Collaboration and Science and Technology Innovation Project of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences: KJCX201907-2 Innovation Program of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences: KJCX20230117, KJCX20230404 National Natural Science Foundation of China: 32101710, 31771769, 31801433
We thank the National Wheat Wild Relative Resource Garden of China, the National Herbage Germplasm Bank of China and the US National Plant Germplasm Bank for kindly providing the Hordeum I-genome accessions. We thank P. Yang and Q. Shen for providing barley cv. Golden Promise seeds. We thank H. Du, H. Lu, H. Liu and G. Liu for their technical support in genome assembly and annotation. We thank X. Wang and F. Lu for their helpful suggestions and comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (5222006 to R.L.), the Outstanding Scientist Development Program of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (JKZX202203 to R.L.), the Collaboration and Science and Technology Innovation Project of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (KJCX201907-2 to R.L.), the Innovation Program of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (KJCX20230117 to Y. Jiang, KJCX20230404 to H.F.) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32101710 to H.F., 31771769 to R.L., 31801433 to Y. Jiang).
- Identifiers
- 991005753147707891
- Copyright
- © The Author(s) 2025
- Murdoch Affiliation
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre; Centre for Crop and Food Innovation; Food Futures Institute
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article
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