Michael Sturma

While underwater craft were the subject of fantasy and experimentation for centuries, submarine warfare only became a reality in the twentieth century. Although some designers promoted their commercial potential, submarines were conceived primarily as weapons. With the ability to attack from beneath the sea, they created a new dimension in naval warfare. During both world wars, submarines posed a huge threat to both warships and commerce shipping. In more recent years, submarines are capable of missile attacks on both targets at sea and on land.