S M Ferdous

In recent years, research on Electric Vehicles (EVs) has gained considerable attention due to their potential to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and curb environmental pollution significantly. Various stakeholders play a pivotal role in the large-scale EV integration into the existing power grid by providing unique services, particularly in grid power management and charging of EV. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the critical role played by key stakeholders in the large-scale integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into the power grid, with a particular focus on grid power management and charging infrastructure. It systematically examines the involvement of Distributed Network Operators (DNOs), EV Owners (EOs), and Charging Station Owners (CSOs), elucidating their respective objectives, responsibilities, and challenges. Furthermore, the paper delves into power management strategies, reactive power regulation, and advanced control methodologies aimed at enhancing grid stability. A case study on EV adoption in Western Australia is presented to contextualize current developments and future trajectories. The study concludes by identifying key challenges associated with EV-grid integration and providing strategic recommendations to facilitate a more resilient, efficient, and sustainable power system.
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A standalone microgrid in a remote area may frequently experience overloading due to lack of sufficient power generation and/or renewable-based over generation causing unacceptable voltage and frequency deviation, which in turn lead the microgrid to operate with less resiliency and reliability. Conventionally, such problems are alleviated by load shedding or renewable curtailment. Alternatively, such autonomously operating microgrid clusters in a certain geographical area can be provisionally connected to each other to enable power exchange among them to address the problems of overloading or overgeneration more efficiently and cost-effective way. The power exchange link among the microgrids can be of different types such as a three-phase ac, a single-phase ac, or a dc-link. Power electronic converters are required to interconnect such power exchange networks to the three-phase ac microgrids and control the power-sharing amongst them. Such arrangement is also essential to interconnect microgrid clusters to each other with proper isolation while maintaining autonomy if they are operating in different standards. In this chapter, the topologies, and structures of various forms of power exchange links are investigated and an appropriate framework is established under which power exchange will take place. This approach is a decentralized control mechanism to facilitate power-sharing amongst the converters of the neighboring microgrids without any data communication, that can be implemented at the primary level based on the localized measurements. The dynamic performance of the control mechanism for all the topologies is illustrated through simulation studies in PSIM® to verify that such overloading or overgeneration situations can be effectively alleviated through proper frequency regulation. The chapter also presents a comparative analysis of the topologies in terms of stability and sensitivity.

Electric Vehicles (EVs) play a crucial role in advancing environmental and economic sustainability, yet their widespread adoption poses risks to the electrical grid, including voltage instability and increased peak load stress. Research has highlighted the potential of V2G-enabled EV chargers to mitigate these issues by providing reactive power support to the grid. Despite these advancements, the impact of reactive power injection on different types of networks, such as resistive versus inductive distribution networks, remains inadequately studied. This paper addresses this gap by investigating how reactive power affects various low-voltage (LV) distribution networks, providing insights into optimizing EV integration and enhancing grid stability. The analysis employs a modified IEEE 13-bus network to evaluate the effects of V2G support by EVs across different network types. The results demonstrate a strong correlation between the type of distribution network and key performance metrics, including the grid's voltage profile, charging rates, and EV charging times. These findings emphasize the importance of considering distribution networks when assessing the potential benefits of V2G technology for grid stability and EV charging efficiency.