Steve Shaw

All Australian jurisdictions provide mechanisms for assessing legal costs. Costs assessment is carried out in two circumstances. Clients who are dissatisfied with what their own lawyers have charged can have those charges assessed. When a court orders that a losing litigant pay the legal costs of the winning litigant those costs too can be assessed. Australian costs assessment mechanisms have been inherited from England, and the traditional model of costs assessment is an adversarial process operated by the courts. Western Australia has a costs assessment scheme that follows that traditional model. In contrast New South Wales abandoned the traditional model in 1994, adopting an administrative costs assessment scheme operating separately from the courts with practicing lawyers acting as costs assessors and paid as sub contractors to determine costs disputes. This thesis explores the costs assessment schemes of both jurisdictions. The traditional judicial process still used in Western Australia and the 'reformed' administrative process that has been introduced in New South Wales are examined separately and in some detail. In particular, the thesis considers the various factors that led to the 1994 Reforms in New South Wales and investigates whether the Reforms have produced the results that were expected of them. The thesis then provides quantitative data from both jurisdictions and evaluates the performance of each against the other in the context of a range of different factors including the rates of return on disputed bills and the time each system takes to determine disputes. As a result of the analysis, the thesis agrees with the New South Wales Reforms that the judicial process, where adversarial contest is used to determine the truth about the parties‘ claims, is not well suited to disputes that are centred in the reasonableness of legal fees. For that and a range of other reasons the thesis concludes that the administrative model of costs assessment as adopted in New South Wales is better able to serve the interests of the various stakeholders. Nonetheless, the thesis notes that the stakeholders in the New South Wales costs assessment scheme consider it deficient and that a recent and thorough review of the scheme has made recommendations that, if adopted, will make profound changes to the way that legal costs are assessed in that state.

There is a long legal tradition of presuming paternity regardless of any biological evidence of the fact. Of course, the common law presumption as to paternity is only the flip side of the legitimacy presumption, and it has been the latter that, in the past, attracted greater legal notice. The presumption of legitimacy arising from marriage brought with it considerable advantage for the child concerned and certainty for the father, at least in regard to the disposition of his assets. With the modern erosion of the significance of legitimacy, and the redefinition, and greater enforcement, of obligations of parents to support their children, it is now paternity, rather than legitimacy, which is of paramount legal significance. One complex legal question which has arisen in recent years in relation to paternity is whether a man can use the tort of deceit to sue the mother of a child who has misled him as to paternity, where paternity is later disestablished.