Katherine Sugars

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to advance the debate on "cosmopolitanism or globalization" by approaching this rich literature from cultural, ethical and governance angles, and by introducing key notions from the work that has taken place in the natural sciences, around the Anthropocene.

Design/methodology/approach - This paper is based on analytical tactics that draw on a literature review and thematic analysis.

Findings - The composite analytical "lens" is introduced here (crafted around cultural, ethical and governance angles) to approach the debate on "cosmopolitanism or globalization" plus the engagement with the literature on the Anthropocene, allow us to engage with current understandings of the global and the "planetary" that are at the heart of cosmopolitanism.
Research limitations/implications - The paper deals with and merges two complex streams of literature ("cosmopolitanism or globalization" and the Anthropocene), and as such, needs to be seen as part of an initial, exploratory scholarly effort.

Practical implications - The analytical "lens" described here shall be of further use to develop current trends re-claiming cosmopolitanism for the study of organizations.
Social implications - This work can help nurture a cosmopolitan sensitivity which celebrates difference, highlights expanded concerns for the "distant other" and fosters involvement in new forms of governance.

Originality/value - The approaches introduced here bring new angles to continue thinking about the planet as the "cosmos" of cosmopolitanism, and to explore new understandings around organizations and (global) responsibility.

The crystal structures of the isomorphous compounds [NH4]6[XMo9O32]·6H2O, (X = Ni or Mn) which crystallize in the rhombohedral space group R32, Z= 1 with a= 10.084(2)Å, α= 104.31(2)° for X = Mn and a= 10.087(4)Å, α= 104.35(3)° for X = Ni have been determined. The stereochemistry of the oxyanions is similar to that described previously for the manganese(IV) compound, with the Mn–O bond length [1.897(3)Å] being slightly longer than the Ni–O distance [1.872(2)Å], and both metal ions conforming to a crystallographic 32 ligand co-ordination geometry. The low-temperature polarized electronic spectra have been recorded, that of the manganese(IV) compound suggesting a ligand-field splitting parameter Δ= 22 500 cm–1, with the 4T2 excited state exhibiting only a small trigonal splitting. The Racah interelectron repulsion parameter B is substantially reduced from the free-ion value, implying considerable covalence in the MnIV–O bonding. Although the spin-forbidden transitions cannot be fitted accurately using a single Racah parameter C, it is apparent that this undergoes only a modest reduction from the free-ion value. The electronic spectrum of the nickel(IV) compound is poorly resolved and suggests a ligand-field splitting parameter Δ≈ 21 000 cm–1.

The absolute configuration of the title compound has been established from a single-crystal room temperature X-ray structure determination of its dibromo derivative, C24H28Br2O8. Crystals of the latter are orthorhombic, space group P21212, a l6.696(5), b l5.660(3), c 4.713(1) Å, Z 2; 1452 independent 'observed' reflections yielded R 0.033 following full-matrix least-squares refinement. The molecule lies on a crystallographic 2 axis. The occurrence of lignans in Eremophila species is summarized.