Malcolm Tull

Australia is particularly vulnerable to coastal hazards as 85% of the population lives along the coast and there is growing demand for coastal development. The town of Exmouth in north-western Australia was used as a case study to investigate economic strategies for coastal disaster risk reduction as it typifies expanding coastal development in areas prone to extreme weather events, such as cyclones. The extent to which perceptions of risk of cyclonic storm-surge inundation and flooding influenced the price buyers paid for residential property from 1988-2013 were examined using a Hedonic Price model. This incorporated dwelling variables, proximity to the coast, Cyclone Vance storm-surge levels {4m} and 1-in-100 year flood levels. The analysis indicated that prices did not reflect the real societal cost of risk and the influence of greater coastal amenity over-rode any sensitivity to potential risk by buyers. This study is highly relevant in view of the expansion of residential settlement and industry along the coast of northern Australia and the predicted effects of extreme weather events under climate change scenarios.

Recent major natural disasters in Australia have highlighted how some of the economic costs of living in risk-prone areas are borne by the rest of society. As it typifies expanding coastal development in areas prone to extreme weather events, the town of Exmouth (NW Australia) was used to investigate economic strategies for coastal disaster risk reduction. Recent marina development has amplified risk of storm-surge inundation, with a loss of disaster mitigating ecosystem functions, and increased risk to previously unaffected areas. The extent to which risk perceptions of cyclonic storm-surge inundation and flooding influenced the price buyers paid for residential property in Exmouth over the period 1988-2013 was examined using a Hedonic Price Model. This incorporated dwelling variables, proximity to the coast, cyclone Vance storm-surge levels and 1-in-100 year flood levels. The analysis indicated that prices did not reflect the real societal cost of risk. The overriding positive influence of greater access to coastal amenity, lower sensitivity to potential risk amongst buyers at Exmouth or the absence of a monetary signal of risk and its concomitant translation to economic behaviour, were indicated. To internalize these costs, a mandatory private insurance scheme for high-risk properties, penalties for local councils undertaking new high-risk developments and a hybrid economic instrument aimed at correcting the market failure in coastal land is proposed. This study is highly relevant in view of the expansion of industry along the coast of northern Australia and the predicted effects of climate change on sea levels and extreme weather events.

This presentation will review the outcomes of research activities undertaken through the History of Marine Animal Populations (HMAP) research initiative in Asia and Australia. HMAP Asia, which is based at Murdoch University, is one of the 16 HMAP sub-projects, and comprises historical case-studies of commercial, artisanal and recreational fisheries of the Indo-Pacific (South Asia, South-East Asia, South-West Pacific and Australia) region. The common themes that have emerged from these case-studies, which range from the ecological and socio-economic impacts of the transformation of small-scale fisheries in the twentieth century to the potential for over-fished populations to recover under appropriate management arrangements, will be reviewed. The presentation will also identify and elaborate upon possible lessons for fisheries management policy-making across the region.

The aim of this paper is to undertake a case study of the Port of Fremantle as a first step in assessing the long run impact of Australian ports on the environment. The paper begins by considering the general relationship between ports and the environment; second, it briefly outlines the history of the Port of Fremantle; third, it considers the environmental impact of the port; and, finally, some preliminary conclusions are presented.